Mussel genome map supports production and conservation

Aquaculture experts at the Roslin Institute have collaborated with industry partner Atlantic Aqua Farms to map the complete set of chromosomes for the blue mussel, an important commercial species in Europe and North America.

Researchers aim to support mussel farming and improve disease resistance using advanced gene sequencing technologies.

The high-quality genome map identifies over 65,000 genes, providing a comprehensive blueprint of the mussel’s genetic makeup.

This development is particularly important for the aquaculture industry, which relies on efficient and sustainable breeding practices to meet the growing demand for mussels.

Aquaculture Breeding

In Prince Edward Island, Canada, where the world’s only commercial mussel hatchery exists, this information will allow farmers to select mussels with desirable traits.

For instance, the new data will enable farmers to breed mussels with stronger byssus threads, which are crucial for the mussels to attach securely to ropes, ensuring a more stable yield.

Additionally, the genomic insights will help in selecting mussels that grow faster and produce more meat, enhancing overall productivity for mussel farms.

Disease Resistance

The mapped genome allows scientists to study the immune responses of different mussel populations, enabling researchers to identify how certain populations are better able to withstand threats posed by climate change and emerging diseases. This can lead to targeted breeding programmes that enhance disease resistance.

This will help reduce losses due to illness and improve the health and sustainability of mussel populations, the research team says.

Ecosystem conservation

This research not only benefits commercial aquaculture, but also contributes to the conservation of wild mussel populations by ensuring their health and genetic diversity, researchers explain.

Blue mussels can spread and establish themselves in non-native regions, affecting local ecosystems. Accessing detailed genomic data will enable scientists to track and mitigate the impact of these invasive populations, preserving the balance of marine environments.

In the coming months, the research team plans to explore the genetic diversity of blue mussels in Scotland, leveraging the complete genome map for more detailed analyses.

This research was published in the G3 Genes, Genomes, Genetics journal. The project was funded by Genome Canada and carried out in close collaboration with Atlantic Aqua Farms.

“This research project marks a significant advancement in aquaculture. It showcases how genomic research can provide practical solutions for commercial aquaculture and environmental conservation,” says Dr. Tim Regan, Career Track Fellow, Roslin Institute.